Test Prep

SAT Math Topics 2026

A complete breakdown of every math topic on the 2026 Digital SAT, organized by domain, with free lessons and calculators for each one. Use this as your study checklist.

About the 2026 Digital SAT Math Section

The Digital SAT math section has 44 questions across two adaptive modules, with 70 minutes total. The format is unchanged from 2024 and 2025. All four domains below appear on every test. A graphing calculator (Desmos) is built into the Bluebook testing app and is available for all questions. About 75% of questions are multiple choice; the remaining 25% are student-produced responses where you type in the answer.

Questions are adaptive: your performance in module one determines whether you get the easier or harder version of module two. This means early questions matter more than students often realize.

Domain 1: Algebra (roughly 35% of the test)

Algebra is the largest domain on the SAT and the one most worth mastering first. Questions cover linear relationships in various forms: equations, inequalities, systems, and graphs. You need to be comfortable solving for a variable, interpreting what a solution means in context, and recognizing when an equation has no solution or infinitely many solutions.

Topics tested in Algebra
1Linear equations in one variable - solving for x, equations with no solution, equations with infinite solutions
2Linear equations in two variables - writing equations from a description, slope-intercept form, interpreting slope and intercept in context
3Systems of two linear equations - substitution, elimination, number of solutions
4Linear inequalities - solving, graphing on a number line, systems of inequalities

Formula Hub lessons and calculators for this domain:

Domain 2: Advanced Math (roughly 35% of the test)

Advanced Math covers nonlinear relationships: quadratics, exponentials, polynomials, and functions. This is where many students lose points because the problems require more steps and the algebra is less mechanical. The good news is that the question types are predictable. Quadratic equations appear on almost every test, and function notation questions are extremely common.

One thing specific to the Digital SAT: absolute value functions are tested in this domain, which was not the case on the old paper SAT.

Topics tested in Advanced Math
1Quadratic equations and functions - factoring, quadratic formula, vertex form, number of solutions using the discriminant
2Polynomial functions - adding, subtracting, multiplying polynomials, finding zeros, understanding the relationship between factors and roots
3Exponential functions - growth and decay, interpreting base and exponent in context, comparing exponential and linear models
4Function notation and interpretation - f(x) notation, evaluating functions, domain and range, transformations
5Exponent rules - product rule, quotient rule, negative and fractional exponents
6Absolute value - solving absolute value equations and understanding their graphs
7Rational and radical expressions - simplifying, solving equations with square roots

Formula Hub lessons and calculators for this domain:

Domain 3: Problem Solving and Data Analysis (roughly 15% of the test)

This domain tests whether you can work with real-world data: reading charts and tables, calculating percentages and ratios, interpreting statistical summaries, and reasoning about probability. The math itself is usually not difficult. The challenge is reading the question carefully and correctly identifying what is being asked.

Many students underestimate this section. A student who has mastered algebra but rushes through a table-reading question will lose points that should be easy to pick up.

Topics tested in Problem Solving and Data Analysis
1Ratios, rates, and proportions - setting up and solving proportion equations, unit rates, scale problems
2Percentages - percent of a number, percent change, percent increase and decrease
3Statistics - mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation (interpreting it, not calculating it), spread
4Data interpretation - reading tables, bar charts, scatter plots, histograms, two-way tables
5Probability - basic probability, conditional probability from tables
6Distributions - normal distribution, center vs. spread, sample vs. population

Domain 4: Geometry and Trigonometry (roughly 15% of the test)

Geometry questions cover shapes, angles, area, volume, and coordinate geometry. Trigonometry appears in a small number of questions, usually involving right triangles and the basic sin/cos/tan ratios. You are given a reference sheet on test day with key formulas, but you still need to know when and how to apply them.

The Pythagorean theorem is tested frequently, both directly and embedded inside other problems. Coordinate geometry questions often combine algebra and geometry: finding the equation of a circle, the midpoint of a line segment, or the distance between two points.

Topics tested in Geometry and Trigonometry
1Area and perimeter - rectangles, triangles, circles, composite shapes
2Volume - rectangular prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres
3Pythagorean theorem - right triangles, distance formula, Pythagorean triples
4Lines and angles - parallel lines, transversals, angle relationships, triangle angle sum
5Circles - area, circumference, arc length, central angles
6Coordinate geometry - distance formula, midpoint formula, equations of lines and circles
7Trigonometry - sine, cosine, tangent in right triangles, using SOH-CAH-TOA
8Similar and congruent triangles - scale factors, proportional sides

Where to focus your study time

Algebra and Advanced Math together make up roughly 70% of the test. If your time is limited, start there. Within Algebra, linear equations and systems of equations are the most tested single topics. Within Advanced Math, quadratic equations appear on almost every test and are worth mastering completely.

Problem Solving and Data Analysis and Geometry each make up about 15% of the test. These sections reward accuracy over speed. A student who reads carefully and does not rush will pick up most of these points.

For students aiming for 700 or above in Math, the Advanced Math section is where most points are gained or lost. The hardest questions in the adaptive second module come primarily from this domain.

Recommended study priority
1Linear equations and systems (Algebra) - highest volume, most predictable
2Quadratic equations and functions (Advanced Math) - appears on every test
3Percentages and ratios (Data Analysis) - easy points if you read carefully
4Pythagorean theorem and area/perimeter (Geometry) - formula sheet helps, but know when to use each
5Exponential functions and polynomials (Advanced Math) - important for high scorers
6Trigonometry (Geometry) - few questions but predictable; sin/cos/tan in right triangles is the main focus

Also preparing for the ACT?

The SAT and ACT test similar math content but in different formats and with different emphases. If you are deciding which test to take, or preparing for both, see our ACT Math 2026 study guide for the full breakdown.

Sources

This guide is based on official College Board documentation for the Digital SAT Suite of Assessments, current as of 2026. The topic distribution percentages reflect College Board's published content specifications. For official practice tests and the Bluebook app, visit satsuite.collegeboard.org.